Euro area government deficit at 2.9% and EU at 3.1% of GDP
Overview
In the euro area (EA20) the government deficit to GDP ratio decreased from 3.0% in 2024 to 2.9% in 2025. In the EU, it remained unchanged at 3.1%, the same level as in 2024. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio increased from 87.0% at the end of 2024 to 87.8% at the end of 2025, and in the EU from 80.7% to 81.7%.
In this release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing government deficit and debt data for the years 2022-2025, based on figures reported by EU Member States in the first notification in 2026, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA 2010 system of national accounts. This release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue.
Deficit and debt data for Euro area and EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
Euro area 20 |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
13 758 305 |
14 670 740 |
15 248 534 |
15 838 206 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-466 251 |
-513 925 |
-461 699 |
-462 014 |
% of GDP |
-3.4 |
-3.5 |
-3.0 |
-2.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.9 |
49.3 |
49.4 |
49.8 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.5 |
45.8 |
46.4 |
46.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 287 040 |
12 751 586 |
13 264 199 |
13 911 079 |
% of GDP |
89.3 |
86.9 |
87.0 |
87.8 |
|
Euro area 21 |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
13 844 384 |
14 765 265 |
15 353 301 |
15 954 224 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-468 779 |
-515 808 |
-464 891 |
-466 127 |
% of GDP |
-3.4 |
-3.5 |
-3.0 |
-2.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.8 |
49.3 |
49.4 |
49.7 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.4 |
45.8 |
46.3 |
46.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 306 387 |
12 773 254 |
13 289 170 |
13 945 708 |
% of GDP |
88.9 |
86.5 |
86.6 |
87.4 |
|
EU |
|||||
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
16 170 154 |
17 264 208 |
18 037 580 |
18 826 635 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-510 306 |
-593 751 |
-560 684 |
-576 516 |
% of GDP |
-3.2 |
-3.4 |
-3.1 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.2 |
48.9 |
49.1 |
49.5 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.0 |
45.5 |
46.0 |
46.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
13 316 983 |
13 897 258 |
14 548 670 |
15 374 367 |
% of GDP |
82.4 |
80.5 |
80.7 |
81.7 |
|
|
|||||
In 2025, all Member States, except Cyprus (+3.4%), Denmark (+2.9%), Ireland (+1.8%), Greece (+1.7%) and Portugal (+0.7%), reported a deficit. The highest deficits were recorded in Romania (‑7.9%), Poland (-7.3%), Belgium (-5.2%) and France (‑5.1%). Eleven Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3% of GDP.
At the end of 2025, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (24.1%), Luxembourg (26.5%), Denmark (27.9%), Bulgaria (29.9%), Ireland (32.9%), Sweden (35.1%) and Lithuania (39.5%). Twelve Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (146.1%), Italy (137.1%), France (115.6%), Belgium (107.9%) and Spain (100.7%).
In 2025, government total expenditure to GDP ratio in the euro area stood at 49.8% of GDP and government total revenue to GDP ratio stood at 46.9%. The figures for the EU were 49.5% and 46.4%, respectively. Government revenue and expenditure ratios increased both in the euro area and the EU, compared to 2024.
Reservations on reported data
Eurostat has no reservations on the data reported by Member States.
Amendment by Eurostat to reported data
Eurostat has made no amendments to the data reported by Member States.
Tables
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
||
Belgium |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
561 678 |
601 867 |
619 914 |
642 015 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-19 883 |
-24 720 |
-27 057 |
-33 220 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.5 |
-4.1 |
-4.4 |
-5.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
52.8 |
54.1 |
54.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
48.9 |
48.7 |
49.7 |
49.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
580 354 |
617 175 |
644 199 |
692 461 |
(% of GDP) |
103.3 |
102.5 |
103.9 |
107.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
8 567 |
8 357 |
8 059 |
7 807 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Bulgaria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
86 078 |
94 525 |
104 767 |
116 018 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 528 |
-1 884 |
-3 191 |
-4 113 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.9 |
-2.0 |
-3.0 |
-3.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
41.3 |
38.9 |
39.2 |
41.7 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
38.4 |
36.9 |
36.1 |
38.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
19 355 |
21 675 |
24 977 |
34 635 |
(% of GDP) |
22.5 |
22.9 |
23.8 |
29.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Czechia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million CZK) |
7 049 872 |
7 659 655 |
8 058 158 |
8 556 452 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million CZK) |
-216 345 |
-286 066 |
-163 345 |
-183 744 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.1 |
-3.7 |
-2.0 |
-2.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.2 |
44.0 |
43.2 |
43.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.2 |
40.3 |
41.2 |
41.0 |
Government debt |
(million CZK) |
2 997 632 |
3 234 102 |
3 488 500 |
3 786 250 |
(% of GDP) |
42.5 |
42.2 |
43.3 |
44.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million CZK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Denmark |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million DKK) |
2 831 270 |
2 787 930 |
2 926 878 |
3 062 771 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million DKK) |
95 960 |
95 630 |
130 501 |
88 454 |
(% of GDP) |
3.4 |
3.4 |
4.5 |
2.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.1 |
47.4 |
47.3 |
48.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
48.5 |
50.8 |
51.8 |
50.9 |
Government debt |
(million DKK) |
943 250 |
919 014 |
893 977 |
855 200 |
(% of GDP) |
33.3 |
33.0 |
30.5 |
27.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million DKK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
3 989 390 |
4 219 310 |
4 328 970 |
4 469 910 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-76 138 |
-105 249 |
-115 295 |
-119 147 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.9 |
-2.5 |
-2.7 |
-2.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.6 |
48.1 |
49.4 |
50.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
46.7 |
45.7 |
46.8 |
47.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 569 029 |
2 630 547 |
2 693 827 |
2 838 239 |
(% of GDP) |
64.4 |
62.3 |
62.2 |
63.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
66 900 |
65 755 |
62 928 |
60 960 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Estonia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
36 301 |
38 353 |
39 848 |
41 621 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-329 |
-1 020 |
-458 |
-825 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.9 |
-2.7 |
-1.1 |
-2.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
40.0 |
43.1 |
44.0 |
45.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.1 |
40.4 |
42.8 |
43.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
6 965 |
7 736 |
9 353 |
10 035 |
(% of GDP) |
19.2 |
20.2 |
23.5 |
24.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
482 |
481 |
481 |
481 |
(% of GDP) |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
|
Ireland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
520 718 |
524 729 |
562 794 |
638 684 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
8 482 |
7 429 |
23 320 |
11 222 |
(% of GDP) |
1.6 |
1.4 |
4.1 |
1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
20.6 |
22.2 |
22.3 |
21.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
22.3 |
23.6 |
26.5 |
22.7 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
223 696 |
219 277 |
215 575 |
209 902 |
(% of GDP) |
43.0 |
41.8 |
38.3 |
32.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
284 |
249 |
197 |
3 673 |
(% of GDP) |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
|
Greece |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
207 009 |
224 686 |
236 736 |
248 354 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-5 324 |
-3 213 |
3 189 |
4 290 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.6 |
-1.4 |
1.3 |
1.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
53.1 |
49.5 |
48.1 |
48.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.5 |
48.1 |
49.4 |
50.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
368 005 |
369 110 |
364 964 |
362 925 |
(% of GDP) |
177.8 |
164.3 |
154.2 |
146.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Spain |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 375 863 |
1 497 761 |
1 594 330 |
1 687 152 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-63 105 |
-50 027 |
-51 267 |
-40 330 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.6 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
-2.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
46.3 |
45.4 |
45.5 |
45.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.7 |
42.1 |
42.3 |
42.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
1 504 105 |
1 575 377 |
1 620 573 |
1 698 225 |
(% of GDP) |
109.3 |
105.2 |
101.6 |
100.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
29 329 |
28 608 |
27 589 |
26 699 |
(% of GDP) |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
France |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
2 653 997 |
2 833 826 |
2 935 236 |
2 994 733 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-125 896 |
-151 920 |
-169 118 |
-152 511 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.7 |
-5.4 |
-5.8 |
-5.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
58.4 |
56.8 |
57.0 |
57.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
53.7 |
51.4 |
51.2 |
52.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 955 639 |
3 103 248 |
3 306 097 |
3 460 465 |
(% of GDP) |
111.4 |
109.5 |
112.6 |
115.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
50 228 |
48 993 |
47 248 |
45 771 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Croatia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
67 613 |
79 186 |
85 905 |
92 975 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
10 |
-865 |
-2 001 |
-2 796 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
-1.1 |
-2.3 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.1 |
46.6 |
48.4 |
50.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.2 |
45.5 |
46.1 |
47.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
46 347 |
48 264 |
49 284 |
52 371 |
(% of GDP) |
68.5 |
60.9 |
57.4 |
56.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Italy |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 998 073 |
2 142 744 |
2 202 031 |
2 258 049 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-161 869 |
-152 867 |
-73 779 |
-69 381 |
(% of GDP) |
-8.1 |
-7.1 |
-3.4 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
54.9 |
53.6 |
50.4 |
51.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
46.8 |
46.5 |
47.0 |
48.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 764 481 |
2 869 976 |
2 967 004 |
3 095 888 |
(% of GDP) |
138.4 |
133.9 |
134.7 |
137.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
44 122 |
43 037 |
41 503 |
40 206 |
(% of GDP) |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Cyprus |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
29 645 |
32 439 |
34 770 |
36 484 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
796 |
554 |
1 439 |
1 242 |
(% of GDP) |
2.7 |
1.7 |
4.1 |
3.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
37.7 |
40.6 |
38.3 |
40.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.4 |
42.4 |
42.4 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
23 745 |
23 056 |
21 814 |
20 078 |
(% of GDP) |
80.1 |
71.1 |
62.7 |
55.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
355 |
343 |
327 |
312 |
(% of GDP) |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
|
Latvia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
36 089 |
39 564 |
40 652 |
43 026 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 754 |
-927 |
-727 |
-1 093 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.9 |
-2.3 |
-1.8 |
-2.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.2 |
43.4 |
45.3 |
46.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.4 |
41.1 |
43.5 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
16 039 |
17 579 |
18 801 |
20 174 |
(% of GDP) |
44.4 |
44.4 |
46.2 |
46.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Lithuania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
67 081 |
74 317 |
78 996 |
84 258 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-482 |
-493 |
-1 012 |
-1 536 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-1.3 |
-1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
36.5 |
37.2 |
39.4 |
41.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
35.8 |
36.5 |
38.1 |
39.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
25 703 |
27 581 |
29 992 |
33 259 |
(% of GDP) |
38.3 |
37.1 |
38.0 |
39.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Luxembourg |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
76 731 |
82 115 |
86 180 |
89 522 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
164 |
-541 |
776 |
-1 756 |
(% of GDP) |
0.2 |
-0.7 |
0.9 |
-2.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.3 |
46.4 |
46.8 |
49.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.5 |
45.7 |
47.7 |
47.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
19 107 |
20 268 |
22 638 |
23 695 |
(% of GDP) |
24.9 |
24.7 |
26.3 |
26.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
656 |
640 |
619 |
601 |
(% of GDP) |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
|
Hungary |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million HUF) |
65 950 424 |
75 218 235 |
81 493 548 |
87 045 554 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million HUF) |
-4 092 620 |
-5 253 505 |
-4 185 367 |
-4 059 437 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.2 |
-7.0 |
-5.1 |
-4.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.1 |
49.7 |
47.3 |
47.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
42.9 |
42.8 |
42.2 |
42.6 |
Government debt |
(million HUF) |
48 854 681 |
55 132 774 |
59 866 887 |
64 911 638 |
(% of GDP) |
74.1 |
73.3 |
73.5 |
74.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million HUF) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Malta |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
17 985 |
20 925 |
23 137 |
24 577 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-952 |
-928 |
-794 |
-545 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.3 |
-4.4 |
-3.4 |
-2.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
38.4 |
35.8 |
37.2 |
37.0 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
33.1 |
31.3 |
33.8 |
34.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
9 040 |
9 818 |
10 621 |
11 397 |
(% of GDP) |
50.3 |
46.9 |
45.9 |
46.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
223 |
218 |
210 |
203 |
(% of GDP) |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
Netherlands |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
993 820 |
1 050 133 |
1 121 543 |
1 179 458 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
22 |
-3 897 |
-8 258 |
-18 736 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-1.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
44.0 |
44.3 |
44.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
43.6 |
43.6 |
43.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
481 145 |
481 481 |
491 055 |
523 541 |
(% of GDP) |
48.4 |
45.8 |
43.8 |
44.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
14 086 |
13 740 |
13 850 |
12 825 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Austria |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
449 382 |
477 837 |
494 088 |
512 813 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-15 325 |
-12 249 |
-22 953 |
-21 464 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.4 |
-2.6 |
-4.6 |
-4.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
53.0 |
52.3 |
55.3 |
55.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.6 |
49.7 |
50.6 |
51.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
351 144 |
371 621 |
395 051 |
418 078 |
(% of GDP) |
78.1 |
77.8 |
80.0 |
81.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
6 858 |
6 689 |
6 451 |
6 249 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Poland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million PLN) |
3 100 850 |
3 415 274 |
3 669 531 |
3 912 673 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million PLN) |
-104 475 |
-177 442 |
-236 623 |
-283 969 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.4 |
-5.2 |
-6.4 |
-7.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.2 |
46.9 |
49.2 |
50.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.9 |
41.7 |
42.8 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million PLN) |
1 512 812 |
1 691 261 |
2 012 640 |
2 335 153 |
(% of GDP) |
48.8 |
49.5 |
54.8 |
59.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million PLN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Portugal |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
243 957 |
270 353 |
289 784 |
306 765 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-757 |
3 030 |
1 863 |
2 059 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.3 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.9 |
42.0 |
42.4 |
42.7 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.6 |
43.2 |
43.0 |
43.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
271 358 |
261 889 |
270 902 |
275 063 |
(% of GDP) |
111.2 |
96.9 |
93.5 |
89.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
953 |
852 |
701 |
602 |
(% of GDP) |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
Romania |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million RON) |
1 384 598 |
1 590 749 |
1 759 183 |
1 916 405 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million RON) |
-90 179 |
-105 128 |
-162 782 |
-151 063 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.5 |
-6.6 |
-9.3 |
-7.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
40.9 |
41.1 |
43.3 |
43.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
34.4 |
34.5 |
34.0 |
35.4 |
Government debt |
(million RON) |
665 491 |
784 235 |
964 808 |
1 137 324 |
(% of GDP) |
48.1 |
49.3 |
54.8 |
59.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million RON) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Slovenia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
56 882 |
64 050 |
67 418 |
70 486 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 714 |
-1 655 |
-594 |
-1 786 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.0 |
-2.6 |
-0.9 |
-2.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
47.7 |
46.5 |
46.5 |
49.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.7 |
44.0 |
45.6 |
47.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
41 395 |
43 739 |
44 755 |
46 324 |
(% of GDP) |
72.8 |
68.3 |
66.4 |
65.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 161 |
1 133 |
1 092 |
1 058 |
(% of GDP) |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Slovakia |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
109 960 |
123 539 |
130 208 |
136 754 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 720 |
-6 556 |
-6 963 |
-6 086 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.6 |
-5.3 |
-5.3 |
-4.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.1 |
48.4 |
47.4 |
47.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.5 |
43.1 |
42.1 |
43.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
63 509 |
68 882 |
77 735 |
83 957 |
(% of GDP) |
57.8 |
55.8 |
59.7 |
61.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 978 |
1 973 |
1 971 |
1 955 |
(% of GDP) |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Finland |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
266 135 |
273 005 |
275 993 |
280 570 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-477 |
-7 810 |
-12 010 |
-9 613 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.2 |
-2.9 |
-4.4 |
-3.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
52.6 |
55.9 |
57.7 |
57.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
53.0 |
53.4 |
54.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
196 844 |
210 338 |
227 339 |
248 433 |
(% of GDP) |
74.0 |
77.0 |
82.4 |
88.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
4 429 |
4 320 |
4 166 |
4 035 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
|
|
GDP mp |
(million SEK) |
5 816 415 |
6 143 187 |
6 391 596 |
6 570 039 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million SEK) |
57 635 |
-54 898 |
-97 426 |
-84 717 |
(% of GDP) |
1.0 |
-0.9 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.4 |
50.0 |
50.5 |
49.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.4 |
49.1 |
48.9 |
48.6 |
Government debt |
(million SEK) |
2 001 233 |
1 980 795 |
2 186 716 |
2 305 401 |
(% of GDP) |
34.4 |
32.2 |
34.2 |
35.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million SEK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|||||
Notes for users
Revisions and timetable
In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, the 2024 government deficit for the euro area (EA20) and EU was 3.1% of GDP, and the government debt was 87.1% of GDP for the euro area and 80.7% for the EU. See News release of 21 October 2025.
Methods and definitions
According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, Eurostat publishes the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines.
The Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, defines government deficit (surplus) as the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA 2010). Government debt (commonly known as Maastricht or EDP debt) is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value).
Table of euro area and EU aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows:
- for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate;
- for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate.
Table of national data: the data are in national currencies.
General government total expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA 2010 transmission programme. They cover non-financial transactions of general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union.
Intergovernmental lending
For the purpose of consolidation of general government debt in European aggregates and to provide users with information, Eurostat is collecting and publishing data on government loans to other EU governments, including those made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). For the years 2022 to 2025 the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
Reservations and amendments
The term “reservations” is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data.
According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data).
Geographical information
Up to 31 December 2025, the euro area included Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland (EA20). From 1 January 2026, the euro area also includes Bulgaria (EA21).
The aggregate data series commented on in this Euro indicator release refer to the official composition of the euro area in the most recent period for which data are available. Thus, Euro indicator releases with data up to 2025 comment on EA20 series, while releases with data for 2026 onwards will comment on EA21 series.
The European Union includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden (EU27).
For more information
For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see the Eurostat publication "Manual on Government Deficit and Debt - Implementation of ESA 2010 - 2022 edition", published in February 2023.
Note on main revisions: Eurostat publishes on its website a note containing specific explanations of the largest revisions in deficit and debt for 2022-2024 between the October 2025 and April 2026 notifications, as well as in GDP.
Background note and supplementary tables on government interventions to support financial institutions: Eurostat publishes supplementary tables by Member State on the impact of the government support to financial institutions on its website. Eurostat also publishes a background note providing further information on the supplementary tables, including summary tables for the EU and the euro area. Table 2 of the background note shows government deficit/surplus data for 2024 and 2025 excluding the impacts of government interventions to support financial institutions. It should be noted that this adjusted measure of government deficit/surplus is only intended to be an improvement in the presentation of data for users.
Stock of liabilities of trade credits and advances: Eurostat publishes on its website, as complementary information on government liabilities, data on trade credits and advances, as reported by Member States for the years 2022 to 2025. According to Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the liabilities in trade credits and advances of government units are not part of EDP debt.
Stock-flow adjustment: Eurostat also publishes a note on the stock-flow adjustment which presents the contribution of deficit/surplus as well as other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level.
Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts on the government finance and EDP statistics section on its website.
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