---
source: Reserve Bank of Australia
url: https://www.rba.gov.au/chart-pack/
document_type: pdf
date_retrieved: 2026-05-06
period: May 2026
parent_publication: Chart Pack
indicators_covered: [Major Trading Partner GDP Growth, Australian Growth, Australian Inflation, Household Sector, Business Sector, Credit and Money, Factors of Production and Labour Market, Regions and Industry, Government, Commodity Prices, Balance of Payments and External Position, Central Bank Balance Sheets and Bond Purchases, Interest Rates, Share Markets, Bond Issuance, Exchange Rates, Banking Indicators]
---

# Chart Pack — The Australian Economy and Financial Markets

**Release Date:** 6 May 2026  
**Data as at:** 30 April 2026

## Description

The Chart Pack summarises macroeconomic and financial market trends in Australia and provides some information about developments for Australia's main trading partners.

From February 2024, the graphs in the Chart Pack are updated eight times a year following the release of key data, including the National Accounts and CPI inflation. The Chart Pack is released the day after the conclusion of each Monetary Policy Board meeting.

## Contents

1. World Economy
2. Australian Growth
3. Australian Inflation
4. Household Sector
5. Business Sector
6. Credit and Money
7. Factors of Production and Labour Market
8. Regions and Industry
9. Government
10. Commodity Prices
11. Balance of Payments and External Position
12. Central Bank Balance Sheets and Bond Purchases
13. Interest Rates
14. Share Markets
15. Bond Issuance
16. Exchange Rates
17. Banking Indicators

---

## Full Document Text

*(Extracted from PDF via pdftotext. The original document contains charts and graphs; data values are shown alongside axis labels and notes.)*

The Australian Economy and
Financial Markets
Chart Pack | May 2026

Data as at 30 April 2026.
© Reserve Bank of Australia 2026
For the full copyright and disclaimer provisions that apply to this publication, see
www.rba.gov.au/copyright/.

The Australian Economy and Financial Markets
Contents

World Economy

Australian Growth

Australian Inflation

Household Sector

Business Sector

Credit and Money

Factors of Production and Labour Market

Regions and Industry

Government

Commodity Prices

Balance of Payments and External Position

Central Bank Balance Sheets and Bond Purchases

Interest Rates

Share Markets

Bond Issuance

Exchange Rates

Banking Indicators

[Page 1: World Economy]

Major Trading Partner GDP Growth*

GDP Growth – China and India

Year-ended

Year-ended

%

%

%

%

10

10

20

20

5

China

10

5

India

0
0

10
0

0

-5

-10

-10

-20

-20

-5

-10

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

-10

-30

* Weighted using Australian export shares.
Sources: ABS; CEIC Data; LSEG; RBA.

2009

2013

2025

Year-ended

%

%

8

Japan

%

%

15

15

10

10
Thailand

Indonesia
5
0

5

0
0

-8

-8

South Korea
Singapore

* Data for 2025 and 2026 are staff forecasts (RBA, April 2026).
Sources: ABS; CEIC Data;各国统计局; LSEG; RBA; Refinitiv; World Bank.

[Chart description: Six-panel chart showing GDP growth year-ended for major trading partners: China, India, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore.]

[Page 2: Australian Growth]

Australian GDP growth

GDP growth by sector

%

%

15

15

Minnesota

QoQ

12

12

Yr ended

9

9

6

6

3

3

0

0

-3

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

-3

2022 Q4 2023 Q2 2023 Q4 2024 Q2 2024 Q4

Construction

Mining

Agriculture

Services

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 3: Australian Growth continued]

Gross value added by industry

Contribution to GDP growth*

%

%

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

2024 Q2

2024 Q3

2024 Q4

2025 Q1

2025 Q2

2025 Q3

2025 Q4

2026 Q1

-20

-20

* Quarterly contribution to GDP growth; chain volume measures; bars sum to total GDP growth.
Source: ABS.

[Page 4: Australian Inflation]

CPI inflation

Trimmed mean inflation

Year-ended

Year-ended

%

%

10

10

CPI

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

-2

-2

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

-4

-4

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 5: Australian Inflation continued]

Inflation by component

Year-ended

%

%

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

-2

-2

-4

-4
Housing

Utilities

Food

Transport

Communication

Recreation

Clothing

Misc

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 6: Household Sector]

Household consumption

Household saving ratio

%

%

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

-20

-20

Nominal household consumption (LHS)
Household saving ratio (RHS)

-25

-25

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 7: Household Sector continued]

Household debt

Household debt-to-income ratio

%

Times

190

190

180

180

170

170

160

160

150

150

140

140

130

130

120

120

110

110

100

100

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

Household debt (LHS, $bn)
Debt-to-income ratio (RHS)

* Adjusted for movements in foreign exchange rates.
Source: ABS; APRA; RBA.

[Page 8: Business Sector]

Business investment

Non-mining business intentions

%

Index

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

-20

-20

Mining (LHS)
Non-mining (LHS)
Composite non-mining conditions (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA.

[Page 9: Business Sector continued]

Business operating profits

Profit share of GDP

%

%

18

18

16

16

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Total (LHS)
Non-mining (LHS)

Financial & non-financial corp. (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA.

[Page 10: Business Sector continued]

Business failure rates

Construction & mining

Services

Retail

Manufacturing

%

%

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

-0.5

-0.5

-1.0

-1.0

-1.5

-1.5

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

Source: APRA.

[Page 11: Credit and Money]

Credit growth

Aggregate credit

%

%

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

-2

-2

-4

-4

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Total (LHS)
Housing (LHS)
Other (LHS)
Money supply (M3, RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: APRA; RBA.

[Page 12: Factors of Production and Labour Market]

Labour force

Unemployment rate

%

000s

%

14,000

14,000

13,000

13,000

12,000

12,000

11,000

11,000

10,000

10,000

9,000

9,000

8,000

8,000

7,000

7,000

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Labour force (LHS, 000s)
Unemployment rate (RHS, %)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 13: Factors of Production and Labour Market continued]

Participation rate

Employment by industry

%

000s

70

70

65

65

60

60

55

55

50

50

45

45

40

40

35

35

30

30

25

25

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Participation rate (LHS, %)
Total employed (RHS, 000s)

RHS series (latest month labelled):
2000/3000/4000/5000/6000/7000/8000/9000/10000

RHS series breakdown (by industry):
Health
Construction
Education
Professional services
Retail trade
Manufacturing
Mining

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 14: Regions and Industry]

State final demand

By state

Year-ended

%

%

7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

-1

-1

-2

-2

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

NSW

VIC

QLD

WA

TAS

SA

NT

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 15: Regions and Industry continued]

Gross value added by state

By state

Year-ended

%

%

10

10

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

-2

-2

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

NSW (LHS)
VIC (LHS)
QLD (LHS)
WA (RHS)
TAS (RHS)
SA (RHS)
NT (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: ABS.

[Page 16: Government]

Government sector budget balance

Net government debt

% of GDP

% of GDP

%

%

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

-5

-5

-10

-10

-15

-15

-20

-20

-25

-25

-30

-30

1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025

Commonwealth (LHS, % of GDP)
State & local (LHS, % of GDP)

-35

-35

1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025

Commonwealth (LHS, % of GDP)
State & local (LHS, % of GDP)

Net government debt (RHS, % of GDP)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA; state treasury publications.

[Page 17: Government continued]

10-year government bond yields

%

%

7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

Australia (RHS)

US 10-year Treasury (LHS)

[Page 18: Commodity Prices]

RBA index of commodity prices

Terms of trade

Index (2005=100)

Index (2005=100)

400

350

350

300

300

250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

RBA index (goods & services, LHS)
RBA index (goods only, LHS)
Terms of trade (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA.

[Page 19: Commodity Prices continued]

Base metals prices

Iron ore prices

US$ per tonne

US$ per dry metric tonne

1200

1200

1000

1000

800

800

600

600

400

400

200

200

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

LBMA/ LME (LHS)
Iron ore (LHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: LSEG; RBA; Platts.

[Page 20: Balance of Payments and External Position]

Current account balance

Net foreign liabilities

% of GDP

% of GDP

8

8

6

6

4

4

2

2

0

0

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

-12

-12

-14

-14

-16

-16

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Current account (LHS, % of GDP)
Net foreign liabilities (RHS, % of GDP)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA.

[Page 21: Balance of Payments and External Position continued]

Trade-weighted exchange rate

Real TWI

Index (2000=100)

Index (2000=100)

120

120

110

110

100

100

90

90

80

80

70

70

60

60

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

TWI (LHS)
Real TWI (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; RBA.

[Page 22: Central Bank Balance Sheets and Bond Purchases]

RBA balance sheet

RBA bond holdings

A$bn

A$bn

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2020

2022

2024

2026

Total assets (LHS)
Net bond holdings (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: RBA.

[Page 23: Interest Rates]

Official cash rate

Interbank rates

%

%

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Cash rate target (LHS)
90-day bankbill (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: RBA; Bloomberg.

[Page 24: Interest Rates continued]

Banks' lending rates

Prime variable mortgage rate

%

%

10

10

9

9

8

8

7

7

6

6

5

5

4

4

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Variable housing (LHS)
Small business (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: RBA.

[Page 25: Interest Rates continued]

Government bond yields

Corporate bond spreads

%

%

5

5

4

4

3

3

2

2

1

1

0

0

-1

-1

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Australian 10-year (LHS)
US 10-year Treasury (LHS)
A$ corporate (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Sources: ABS; Bloomberg; RBA.

[Page 26: Share Markets]

Australian share market

Sectoral indices

Index (1990=1000)

Index (2000=1000)

8000

8000

7000

7000

6000

6000

5000

5000

4000

4000

3000

3000

2000

2000

1000

1000

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

ASX 200 (LHS)
Resources (LHS)
Financials ex. 1/2

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: LSEG.

[Page 27: Bond Issuance]

Non-government bond issuance

By sector

A$bn

A$bn

40

40

35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Financial (LHS)
Non-financial (LHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: RBA.

[Page 28: Exchange Rates]

Australian dollar exchange rates

AUD vs USD and TWI

AUD/USD

AUD/TWI

2.00

150

150

1.80

1.80

1.60

1.60

1.40

1.40

1.20

1.20

1.00

1.00

0.80

0.80

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

AUD/USD (LHS)
AUD/TWI (RHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: RBA.

[Page 29: Banking Indicators]

Banking sector assets

Banking sector profitability

% of GDP

% of GDP

250

250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Total assets (LHS, % of GDP)
Return on assets (RHS, %)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: APRA.

[Page 30: Banking Indicators continued]

Bank lending

Loans and advances by banks

A$bn

A$bn

3,000

3,000

2,500

2,500

2,000

2,000

1,500

1,500

1,000

1,000

500

500

0

0

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

Housing (LHS)
Business (LHS)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: APRA.

[Page 31: Banking Indicators continued]

Lending standards

Lending spread

Index (1990=100)

%

210

210

200

200

190

190

180

180

170

170

160

160

150

150

140

140

130

130

120

120

110

110

100

100

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

Overall lending standards (LHS, index)
Total lending spread (RHS, %)

* Grey shaded area is RBA forecast.
Source: RBA.

[Page 32: Banking Indicators continued]

Bank funding

Sources

% of total funding

% of total funding

100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0

0

2005

2025

2008 introduction of Basel II
2013 introduction of Basel III

Domestic deposits (LHS)
Short-term debt** (LHS)
Long-term debt (LHS)
Tier 2 (LHS)
Securitisation (LHS)
Tier 1 (LHS)
Equity (LHS)

* Adjusted for movements in foreign exchange rates.
** Includes deposits and intragroup funding from non-residents.
*** Term Funding Facility.
Sources: ABS; APRA; Bloomberg; LSEG; RBA.

C H A R T PA C K | M AY 2 0 2 6

32

---

## Notes

- The Chart Pack contains graphical representations of economic data. This text extraction preserves captions, axis labels, numeric values, and source notes.
- Shaded areas on charts indicate RBA forecasts.
- Data sources include: ABS, APRA, CEIC Data, LSEG, RBA, Refinitiv, World Bank, Bloomberg, Platts.
- For the full charts with proper visualization, refer to the original PDF: `research_output/raw/419405.pdf`.